OF BIOSECURITY CONCERN

Classification

Pyraloidea

Crambidae (various forms of concealed feeding)

9,655 approximate described species

Chief Distribution

Cosmopolitan

Major Hosts of Concern

Sugarcane, rice, maize, Sorghum

Further Diagnosis

Tufts of erect scales on vertex particularly between antennae; forewing R2 close to or stalked with R3+4, R5 often curved and approximated to R3+4 and usually stalked, M1 arising near anterior angle of cell, M2, M3 and CuA1 from posterior angle or near to cell, CuP usually a fold for distal part as weak tubular vein, 1A+2A strongly developed ending on termen near the tornus; hindwing M2, M3 and CuA1 from posterior angle of cell or near it, at times M2 and M3 stalked or fused, CuP, 1A+2A and 3A present; legs usually long and slender (Common 1990, Kristensen 1999).

Resources

Atlas of Living Australia. National Research Infrastructure for Australia, NCRIS. http://www.ala.org.au/

ABRS 2009. Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/index.html

Butterflies of America (links to other Lepidoptera resources), http://butterfliesofamerica.com/links.htm

CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection Database. http://anic.ento.csiro.au/database/

CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences. Australian Moths Online. http://www1.ala.org.au/gallery2/main.php

Herbison-Evans D, Crossley S. Families of Moths in Australia. http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/moths.html

Global Information System on Pyraloidea, http://www.pyraloidea.org/index.php?id=28

Holloway JD, Kibby G, Djunijanti P (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies, Fauna Malesiana handbook 3, The Netherlands.

iBol Terrestrial Biosurveillance, Lepidoptera barcode of life. http://www.lepbarcoding.org/

Natural History Museum, The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/search/index.dsml

Plant Health Australia (2012) Combined High Priority Pest List from Industry Biosecurity Plans. In National Plant Biosecurity Status Report, last accessed June 2015. http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/biosecurity/emergency-plant-pests/pest-categorisation/categorised-pests/

Polaszek A (1998) African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control. Wallingford, UK.

Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW, Hernández LM (2001) Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region, The Natural History Museum, London.

The Barcode of Life Data Systems http://www.boldsystems.org/

References

Common IFB (1990) In Moths of Australia, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

Kristensen NP (ed) (1999) Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies: Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography (vol. 1). Handbook of Zoology, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (2015) Entomology Internal Target List. Australian Government Department of Agriculture.

Operational Science Program (2015) Entomology Internal Target List. Australian Government Department of Agriculture.

Solis MA (2007) Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 33(1):1-9.

van Nieukerken EJ, Kaila L, Kitching IJ, Kristensen NP, Lees DC, et al. (2011) Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. Zootaxa. 3148: 212–221.