Australian Tropical Ferns and Lycophytes - Online edition
5.2 Sporangia solitary or grouped
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![](../../images/features/5.2_sporangia_solitary_or_grouped/thumbs/char_5_2_grouped_sml.jpg)
The sporangia small and free (not joined together) but arranged in dense groups (sori) on the under (abaxial) side or on the margins of leaves.
![](../../images/features/5.2_sporangia_solitary_or_grouped/thumbs/char_5_2_solitary_sml.jpg)
The sporangia solitary on a leaf.
![](../../images/features/5.2_sporangia_solitary_or_grouped/thumbs/char_5_2_synangia_sml.jpg)
Several large sporangia free or fused together into a single structure (or synangium).
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