Pacific Pests & Pathogens - Full Size Fact SheetsCitrus crusader bug (382)
Pacific Pests & Pathogens - Full Size Fact SheetsCitrus crusader bug (382)
Common Name
Citrus crusader bug. It is also known as the holy cross bug.
Scientific Name
Mictis profana. In Australia, Mictis caja and Mictis difficilis are also present. It is a coreid, and one of the leaf-footed bugs.
Distribution
Restricted. Recorded from Australia, Indonesia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna, and Vanuatu.
Hosts
A large number of native species and those grown in plantation, orchards, as vegetables or as ornamentals are hosts, including, acacia, eucalyptus, citrus, papaya, beans and other members of the legume family (Fabaceae), grape, tomato, and rose.
Symptoms & Life Cycle
The adults and nymphs pierce plants with their sucking mouthparts, causing young shoots to wilt (Photo 1).
Nymphs are dark brown without the cross of the adults (Photo 2), although late stages have two prominent orange dots on the upper surface of the abdomen. Adults are 20–25 mm long and 7–10 mm wide, stout, grey to brown with a cream or yellow cross on the back (Photos 3-5). Legs are long, hindlegs are thicker than the others, there are short spines on the shoulders, and antennae have orange tips. Males have spines on their legs, and yellow tips to their antennae. Both sexes squirt a foul-smelling liquid when disturbed.
Impact
This is a minor pest of citrus and wattles. However, it is also a potential biocontrol of Mimosa pigra, an important weed.
Detection & Inspection
Look for the characteristic cross on the back of adults.
Management
NATURAL ENEMIES
Control measures are seldom necessary as the bugs are under control by birds, spiders, assassin bugs and parasitic wasps.
CULTURAL CONTROL
During growth:
- Handpick adults and nymphs if numbers are low - they are slow moving.
CHEMICAL CONTROL
If there more than 25% of young shoots infested with crusader bugs, spot spray with an insecticide, e.g., a synthetic pyrethroid.
AUTHORS Grahame Jackson & Mani Mua
Information from Swaine G (1971) Agricultural Zoology in Fiji. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. London. Photo1 Ra3vyn [CC BY 3.0. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], from Wikimedia Commons. Photo 2 Patrick_K59 at https://flickr.com/photos/63175631@N02/23610154572.
Produced with support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research under project HORT/2016/185: Responding to emerging pest and disease threats to horticulture in the Pacific islands, implemented by the University of Queensland and the Pacific Community.
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