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Pacific Pests & Pathogens - Mini Fact Sheet Edition

Coconut tinangaja (198)

Photo 1. Distorted small nuts on a coconut palm with tinangaja viroid disease.

Photo 2. Long, thin nuts on a coconut with tinangaja viroid disease. On the right, the seednut is also showing "scarification" - longitudinal lines down the husk. Another typical feature of the disease.

Photo 3. Coconut palm with advanced symptoms of tinangaja viroid.

Photo 4. Coconut palm with advanced symptoms of tinangaja viroid showing the "pencil-point" tapering of the trunk.

Summary

Narrow distribution. Guam. On coconuts. An important disease. Thought to be caused by a viroid related to Coconut cadang-cadang viroid.
Yellow spots on leaves, small seednuts, production slows, trunks taper, palm dies, taking up to 15 years.
Impact high: import of coconuts for food and drink are high; lack of coconuts for landscaping schemes; loss of diversity.
Spread maybe pollen, seednuts, or on tools.
Biosecurity: follow the international guidelines.
Cultural control: only take seed from areas free of the disease; treat tools with 10% bleach and 1% mineral oil; remove and burn infected trees; the variety Javanica Red Dwarf may have tolerance.
Chemical control: none recommended.

Common Name

Tinangaja, yellow mottle decline

Scientific Name

Coconut tinangaja viroid. The abbreviation is CTiVd.

AUTHOR Grahame Jackson
Information from CABI (2014). Crop Protection Compendium: Coconut tinangaja viroid. (http://www.cabi.org.cpc/). Photos 1-4 George Wall, formerly CALS/AES University of Guam.

Produced with support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research under project PC/2010/090: Strengthening integrated crop management research in the Pacific Islands in support of sustainable intensification of high-value crop production, implemented by the University of Queensland and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

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