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Pacific Pests & Pathogens - Mini Fact Sheet Edition

Vanilla viruses (159)

Photo 1. Vanilla plant near collapse, and showing leaves with distorted growth, mosaics and some leaves and pods with black, raised, scab-like spots typical of plants with Vanilla necrosis virus.

Photo 2. Black stem infections on vanilla caused by Vanilla necrosis virus.

Photo 3. Vanilla leaf with yellow-green mosaic patterns and distortions along the margins caused by Vanilla mosaic virus.

Photo 4. Similar to Photo 3 with broad yellow-green patterns characteristic of Vanilla mosaic virus.

Summary

Narrow distribution. Pacific Islands. There are several viruses - Watermelon mosaic virus (vanilla necrosis strain) and Vanilla mosaic virus.
WMV-VNV and VaMV cause severe diseases, with WMV-VNV the more important.
Yellow patches and streaks; later, black scab-like spots with long black streaks on the stems, and rapid dieback and death within 3-12 months.
Spread by aphids, in cuttings and on pruning tools.
Cultural control: wash hands often when pruning; remove diseased plants as soon as symptoms are seen; cuttings only from healthy plants; weed; disease-free tissue cultures (SPC CePaCT).
Chemical control: none recommended.

Common Name

Vanilla virus diseases

Scientific Name

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), Watermelon mosaic virus - Vanilla necrosis virus strain (WMV-VNS), Vanilla mosaic virus (VaMV).

AUTHOR Grahame Jackson
Information from CABI (2013) Vanilla mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus-II, Cymbidium mosaic virus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus. Crop Protection Compendium. (www.cabi.org/cpc). Photos 1-3 Mike Pearson, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Photos 3 Bill Zettler, University of Florida, USA.

Produced with support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research under project PC/2010/090: Strengthening integrated crop management research in the Pacific Islands in support of sustainable intensification of high-value crop production, implemented by the University of Queensland and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

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