- Worldwide distribution. On wide range of plants, especially beans and other food legumes; also on citrus and capsicum. Minor fungal disease,
- Weak pathogen, requiring wounds from insects or weather to enter leaves and pods.
- Grey to brown spots on leaves, 6-12 mm diameter, with concentric circles; sometimes falling out. Darker spots on pods. Tiny, black, spore-containing sacs on spots, seen with naked eye.
- Spread occurs in wet weather; spores ooze from sacs and blown in wind and rain. Possibly, seed-borne.
- Cultural control: certified seed or treat seed in hot water (50°C for 25-30 minutes); remove volunteers; select well-drained soils; avoid damage by strong winds, and during cultural operations; weed; after harvest, handle beans carefully; collect and burn crop debris; crop rotation.
- Chemical control: probably not needed as wound pathogen; if required, use pyrethrum, or synthetic pyrethoids.
