- Narrow distribution. South Asia, Oceania. On bele, cocoa, coffee, ginger, yams and many other crops and weeds. An important pest.
- Eggs 7-10 cm deep in soil, hatching to C-shaped grubs with orange heads, feeding on roots; adults, dark brown, 12.5 mm long, with grey-white scales.
- Adults make holes in young to middle-aged leaves at night, often leaving the veins.
- Cultural control: barriers (coconut fronds, bamboo) around cocoa seedlings; plant cocoa under shade (30-40%); light traps; do not plant near fences of Hibiscus tiliaceous, a preferred host.
- Chemical control: use synthetic pyrethroids.