• Restricted. In New Zealand, Fiji.
• Pioneer annual species, common in disturbed and cultivated land, tolerating waterlogged areas as well as drought (long tap root). Produces abundant seed, and short life cycle. Weed of wetland rice.
• Erect or spreading, up to 60 cm, round, smooth stems, woody at base. Leaves compound up to 18 cm long, with short-stalks, oval leaflets alternating along stem. Flowers small, greenish, paired, beneath leaves. Seeds minute.
• Spread: seed by mowing, slashing; on machinery and vehicles. Long history of use in traditional medicines.
• Biosecurity: risk is unofficial introduction of seed and plants. Check imported machinery/vehicles. Check seed of other species. Available on Internet.
• Biocontrol: none.
• Cultural control: hand-weed; slashing (but stem pieces regrow). Mulch (5-10cm) to prevent seedling growth. Clean soil and seed on machinery/vehicles.
• Chemical control: in Australia, diquat/paraquat; flumioxazin; hexazinone/diuron; amicarbazone; isoxaflutole/terbuthylazone. In Fiji, glyphosate.

Seed-under-the-leaf; it is also known as gale of the wind, stonebreaker.

Phyllanthus niruri. It is a member of the Phyllanthaceae. Previously, it was placed in the Euphorbiaceae.