- Worldwide distribution. On tomato, and many others in the same family, including potato, capsicum, eggplant, and some wild hosts in the potato family. An important disease.
- Brown spots on the older leaves with yellow margins, and dark brown rings. Leaves dry up and fall. Sunken spots on the fruit.
- Wind and rain spread spores; survival in debris and seed.
- Cultural control: 2-3-year rotation, avoid planting near old crops; save seed only from disease-free plants; remove 'volunteers', and weeds; check seedlings for disease; space plants (60-90cm); avoid overhead irrigation; ensure good nutrition; collect and burn debris after harvest; check for tolerant varieties.
- Chemical control: protectants - copper, mancozeb, or chlorothalonil (protectants); or strobilurins (systemics).
