• Bactrocera kirki - abiu, avocado, guava, mango, noni, Malay apple, and more; Bactrocera facialis - wide, on 29 families of vegetables/fruit crops (notably, chilli, capsicum, guava); Bactrocera xanthodes - abiu, avocado, breadfruit, jackfruit, papaya, soursop, and more.
• Females need protein before they can lay viable eggs.
• Cultural control: growing vegetables out of season; bag fruit with paper or leaves; collect fallen fruit and destroy; harvest early (papaya); some non-hosts, e.g., some chilli varieties and pineapple in Fiji.
• Chemical control: use a commercial protein bait spray, e.g. MPPIL, Royal Tongalure or Bactrogel.

There are six fruit flies in Tonga. The species of economic importance are: (i) Bactrocera facialis (except the Niuas); (ii) Pacific fruit fly (Bactrocera xanthodes), (iii) Bactrocera kirki; (iv) Bactrocera species near passiflorae (Niuas only); and (v) Bactrocera distincta.

Bactrocera facialis, Bactrocera kirki, Bactrocera xanthodes, Bactrocera passiflorae, Bactrocera distincta, and Bactrocera obscura. Bactrocera xanthodes is closely related to three other species. These are: Bactrocera paraxanthodea in New Caledonia, and Bactrocera neoxanthodes in Vanuatu, and a species not yet described from Samoa