Pacific Pests, Pathogens, Weeds & Pesticides - Online edition

Pacific Pests, Pathogens, Weeds & Pesticides

Vanilla viruses (159)

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Photo 1. Vanilla plant near collapse, and showing leaves with distorted growth, mosaics and some leaves and pods with black, raised, scab-like spots typical of plants with Vanilla necrosis virus.

Photo 2. Black stem infections on vanilla caused by Vanilla necrosis virus.

Photo 3. Vanilla leaf with yellow-green mosaic patterns and distortions along the margins caused by Vanilla mosaic virus.

Summary

  • Narrow distribution. Pacific Islands. There are several viruses - Watermelon mosaic virus (vanilla necrosis strain) and Vanilla mosaic virus.
  • WMV-VNV and VaMV cause severe diseases, with WMV-VNV the more important.
  • Yellow patches and streaks; later, black scab-like spots with long black streaks on the stems, and rapid dieback and death within 3-12 months.
  • Spread by aphids, in cuttings and on pruning tools.
  • Cultural control: wash hands often when pruning; remove diseased plants as soon as symptoms are seen; cuttings only from healthy plants; weed; disease-free tissue cultures (SPC CePaCT).
  • Chemical control: none recommended.

Common Name

Vanilla virus diseases

Scientific Name

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), Watermelon mosaic virus - Vanilla necrosis virus strain (WMV-VNS), Vanilla mosaic virus (VaMV).

Photo 4. Similar to Photo 3 with broad yellow-green patterns characteristic of Vanilla mosaic virus.

AUTHOR Grahame Jackson
Information from CABI (2013) Vanilla mosaic virus (https://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheet/56579), Watermelon mosaic virus-II (https://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheet/56580), Cymbidium mosaic virus (https://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheet/14368), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (https://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheet/37054). Crop Protection Compendium; and from Pearson MN, et al. (1993) Vanilla viruses in the South Pacific. Plant Pathology 42(1): 127-131. (DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01479.x) and from Jackson GVH, Pearson MN (1991) Virus diseases of vanilla in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: Fiji Ministry of Primary Industries. Photos 1-3 Mike Pearson, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Photos 3 Bill Zettler, University of Florida, USA.

Produced with support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research under project PC/2010/090: Strengthening integrated crop management research in the Pacific Islands in support of sustainable intensification of high-value crop production, implemented by the University of Queensland and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

 

 

 

 

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