Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online edition

Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill


Weed
Herb (herbaceous or woody, under 1 m tall)
Shrub (woody or herbaceous, 1-6 m tall)
Click/tap on images to enlarge
Flower [not vouchered]. CC-BY J.L. Dowe
Leaves and fruit. © CSIRO
Scale bar 10mm. © CSIRO
Cotyledon stage, epigeal germination. © CSIRO
10th leaf stage. © CSIRO
Family

Heiser, C.B. & Pickersgill, B. (1975) Baileya 19 : 156. Type: Mexico, near Bejar, Berland 1863; near Tampicode de Tamaulipis, Berland 95; holo: ?.

Common name

Pepper, Bird; Chiltepine; Bird Pepper; Chilipiquin

Stem

Usually flowers and fruits as a shrub about 1-2 m tall.

Leaves

Leaf blades very thin and papery, almost completely glabrous, about 10-13 x 5-6.5 cm. Domatia are tufts of hairs. Petiole channelled on the upper surface. Leaves sometimes paired on the twigs but not opposite one another. Twigs longitudinally grooved.

Flowers

Flowers solitary, rarely two in each axil. Pedicels geniculate until well after anthesis. Calyx about 2-3 mm long, lobes scarcely discernible. Corolla about 10-15 mm diam. Anthers blue, green or purple, about 1.5-2.5 mm long, filaments about 1 mm long. Pollen pale yellow. Ovary glabrous, about 2.5 mm long, style glabrous, 4 mm long. Stigma green.

Fruit

Fruits burn the mouth and lips if eaten. Burning sensation will occur if the face or eyes are touched after handling the fruits. Fruits about 25 x 5-10 mm, pedicels about 15-35 mm long. Embryo somewhat coiled, the radicle curved and the cotyledons coiled or U-shaped. Cotyledons about as wide as the radicle.

Seedlings

Cotyledons +/- lanceolate, about 10-16 x 4-5 mm. First pair of leaves simple, alternate and +/- cordate. At the tenth leaf stage: leaf blade broadly lanceolate to almost cordate, domatia are tufts of hair. Petiole channelled on the upper surface. Seed germination time 27 to 62 days.

Distribution and Ecology

An introduced species originally from tropical America but now naturalised in NT, CYP, NEQ, CEQ and southwards as far as north-eastern New South Wales. Altitudinal range in northern Australia from near sea level to 700 m. Grows as an understory plant in disturbed areas in rain forest, monsoon forest and vine thickets.

Natural History & Notes

This species is widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions. Purdie et al. (1982).

Synonyms
Capsicum frutescens var. queenslandicum Domin, Bibliotheca Botanica 89(4): 1126(1928), Type: Queensland, Harveys Creek, Jan. 1910, Domin s.n.; holo: PR. Fide Symon (1981) J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3: 137.
RFK Code
3120
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